Ipc-9708

IPC-9708 meticulously defines variables to ensure repeatability across labs:

This is the primary method for pad cratering characterization. ipc-9708

One of the most valuable contributions of IPC-9708 is its detailed guidance on statistical analysis. In reliability testing, you cannot simply test one board and declare success. You must test a sample population to understand the distribution of failures. ipc-9708

Use a validated bond tester (e.g., Dage, XYZtec, Nordson) with a load cell accurate to ±1% of the expected force. ipc-9708