Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is defined as bleeding from or into the genital tract occurring from 24 weeks of gestation until birth. It complicates approximately 2–5% of all pregnancies and remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality worldwide. This paper discusses its primary etiologies—placenta praevia and placental abruption—clinical presentation, and emergency management protocols.
This article is designed for medical students, obstetrics residents, midwives, and general practitioners. It covers the clinical definition, etiology, management protocols, and emergency algorithms. Antepartum haemorrhage APH.ppt