Instead of sending the entire 1MB firmware, the utility compares the old and new binaries and sends only the changed pages. This reduces OTA time by 80%—critical for low-power devices.
RF spectrum congestion (Wi-Fi, microwaves, other Zigbee networks) causes lost packets. Solution: Lower the data rate, switch to a quieter channel, or move the host dongle closer (within 1–2 meters). Some utilities offer "Turbo" mode for high-reliability environments. rf flasher utility