The COVID-19 pandemic showcased the power of mRNA biotechnology. Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna did not inject a virus or protein; they injected mRNA instructions that told human cells to produce the spike protein, triggering immunity. This platform allows for vaccine development in under 48 hours. Future applications include mRNA cancer vaccines tailored to an individual patient’s tumor mutations, as well as in vivo CAR-T cell generation.
: Most editions include a "Theoretical Point" overview followed by MCQs , short-answer questions, and long-answer questions with keys to aid practice. Where to Find & Review
Regulatory bodies like the FDA (USA), EMA (Europe), and ICH (International Council for Harmonisation) release guidelines specifically for biologics. For instance, ICH E2E guidelines on pharmacovigilance planning are crucial for biotech companies. These documents are almost exclusively distributed as to ensure formatting integrity and accessibility across the globe.